Pipe fitting



` 30, 1941. F. T. lNEWELL E'rAL I 2,268,253

PIPE FITTING Filed May 15; 1941 3 Sheets-Sheet l v lNvl-:NToRS v I k um F. T. NEWELL E TAL 2,268,263

PIPE FITTING De@ 3o, 1941.

Filed May 15, 1941 s sheets-sheet 2 Je t@ J6 J6 12:2

yg. o K o v 12d' T l l 140Z 145 ZL P3 13 14 fdl@ w l 1 "4" 1 71 J6 123 .RT

ze l2@ 16015 19 1 a Q1 .4 16 j 12d 12' @we v l2 jle A ...146 N14 T I 14 .zz 11e .ZJ 13' v115 i 'A N GWW@ lNvE oRs ATTORNEY Dec. 30, 1941. F, T, NEWELL ET AL 2,268,263

PIPE FITTING Filed May l5, 1941 3 SheetrsT-Sheelt 5 6)' 25 ,g g/g' y26 I P H 5 l l l el T w l l 'RT \\\\\\\I\ MII l f/UH//H//l/f//l/ l Y /1292 wtgrm/QXQHINVENTORS ATTORNEY :Patented Dee; .30, rise-i -PIPE FITTING Frederick T. Newell. andsGeorge E. Szekely, Brad- 1to1-d, .Pa., :assiknors to Dresser Manufacturing Company, `Bradfordl*aj.,a corporation of `Penn- `isylvimia appiicauonmay :16, i941, serial N0.:393,s44 7 claims.. lomas-'22) @ur vinvention lconsists lin ,the :novel :features hereinafter.describedg reference being made 'to the :accompanying drawings vwhich show .several embodiments of 'ourinvention vselected by us for "the purpose of illustration.

Our invention frelates to .pipe iittin-gs, and `pari ticularly to `pipe.fittingsiorconnecting areplacement .service pipe with rthe `piplngiriside a `building. `In thepast'theservice'lines for gaspwater,

etc., `extendingfroxn "the main located beneath :the street to the customers premises have been iron cr steel pipe: andghave Vbeenafattacked .by corrosion. `making replacementrnecessary. i To avoid i the rnecessity -ofdiggingraztrenchacross the cus- `toinrs `property 'tofuncover the service pipe, `it

has been `found .highlydesirable to insert a new `service line of smaller ldiameter through .the vexisting ser-vice. This `requires `digging onlyya small excavation .at the tmain for connecting :the new serviceline. While any suitable type of conduit may be used-for the replacement service,y

it has been found preferable touse copper tubing `as it is available finilengths `suiilcientto extend from the"main tothe `inside of :thebasement `without intermediate .jointsand canfreadily be drawn through the old service pipe. [For .conveni'ence in terminology in ,identifying the old and the new services lines, `the new service conduits will be refer-red to as tubing andthe existing `service line aspipe,` although it `.will be understood 'that this. terminology is fnot intended to indicate that -there is necessarily anydifference in the characterof `thetwo conduits.

The serviceipipe ordinarily `enters the basement of the building :belowzground Alevel and is connected 4by a riserTwandJiserpipe to a meter. Ininstalling .a replacement service, theold service pipe is cut olf` or disconnected at both ends and the new service-is connected to the main in .the street and to theriser pipe inside the building. If the connection .of the new service to the riser` pipe is madefwithan adaptor of thekind now available, Vthe annular `space 'between ,the

replacement tubing and .the old service pipe `is leftzopen. As :thestreet end vof the existing serv- .dition be corroded sand full of holes,` "the old service pipe will actasa dra-in conducting water from the `surrounding earth vinto the basement.

Moreover, vif thereshouldbe .a gas leak underground, in lthe y.vicinity the escaping gas will be-A conducted intothebasementby the discontinued service pipe.

:An object .of `the present `'invention .is to provide a pipe `iitting which will" connect lthe new f.

service line to the building piping and simultaneously seal the annular space between the 'replacement service and the `old service pipe to prevent the entry of any gas, water, etc., from theadjacent ground to the interior of the bas'ement. Another object of the invention' is to provide a pipe fitting making possible the installation of a replacement service with minimum disturbance of the existing piping in the building. A further object of the invention is to provide a pipe iitting which will facilitate the connection of the new service line quickly and easily without speciaftools and `without the necessity 0f threading. or iianging the new service tubing.

The nature) of the invention and its objects and advantages will be more fully understood from the following description of the embodiments shown by way of example in thefaccompanying drawings, in which Fig, l is a vertical sectional view illustrating diagrammatically the installation of a replacement service in accordance with our invention, Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a pipe fitting in accordance with the invention for connecting the replacement service pipe to the piping inside the building.

Fig. 3 is a longitudinal-sectional view of another form of fitting assembled on the pipe but not yet tightened.

Fig. 4 is a View corresponding to Fig. 3 showing the tting after it has been tightened to compress the gasket.

Fig. 5 is a longitudinal sectional vieu7 of another fori'n of fitting.

Fig. 6 is a similar sectional view illustrating a modification of the fitting shown in Fig. 5.

Fig. '7 is a fragmentary longitudinal sectional view of a further embodiment of the invention.

Fig. l illustrates the manner in which the replacement service is installed. Prior to replacement the old service pipe P extends from the main M through the ground and the basement wall W to the interior of the basement, where it is connected by a riser T RT and a riser pipe R tothe meter m. In installing the replacement service, a small excavation is made at the point where the servicejoins the main and the old service pipe P is cut off, as indicated at P. The other end of the old service pipe P is cut oli" inside the basement, and the short end portion resulting is unscrewed from the riser T RT and removed. The new service tube T, which is prefv...receive an annular gasket 5.

T ST, while the other end is connected to the riser T RT by the novel fitting F. It will be seen that as the severed end P' oi' the old service P is left open, it is possible for water, gas or other materials to enter the annular space between the pipe P and the new service tubing T. However, the fitting FA not only make a fluid-tight connection between the tube T and the building piping, but at the same time seals the annular space between the tube Ti and the pipe P, thereby pre-L venting the entry of any gas, water or other fluid into the basement through the old service pipe.V

` The fitting F, in accordance with the present 'fthe' fittingpart slipped` over the end of the tubing T and pipe P, either separately or in loosely assembled relationship. The riser pipe is then released to its normal position and the threaded end la of the body portion of the fitting is screwed. into the riser T RT. Thenut invention, is shown in detail in Fig. 2.` The'flty ting comprises an annular body portion I, having one end threaded externally 'at Ia, to' screw into the riser `T RT, .or otherwise connect with the -building piping. The body portion I has an` aperture or bore Ib of proper diameter to receive the tube T and an outer sleeve portion 2 surrounding the aperture and the adjacent'l portion ofthe tube, and having itsinner surface shaped to form a substantially cylindrical surface 2a of larger diameter than the aperture Ib, and an inclined frusto-conical surface 2b extending from the cylindrical surface 2a to the aperture. The end portion of the outer sleeve 2 is enlarged, as indicated at 2c to receive an inner sleeve or bushing 3, which fits over the end of the old service P, and has an end portion 3a of reduced diameter, which extends beyond the end of the pipe P, and forms in effect a continuation of `said pipe. It will be seen from Fig. 2 that the end face of the reduced end portion 3a of the inner sleeve, together with the adjacent portion of the tube T and the inner surface of the outer sleeve portion 2, including the frusta-conical surface 2b, defines an annular gasket recess in which there is disposed a gasket 4. The gasket is formed of, resilient deformable material such as rubber and may have one or more of its edges `reenforcedby metallic or other armor, as indicated at 4a.v The opposite end of the inner 4sleeve member 3v is flared outwardly, as indicated at 3b, to provide an annular recess between the sleeve and the old service pipe P to While this gasket is shown without reenforcing, it will be understood that it may be armored if desired. Slurrounding thev enlarged end portion 3b of `the inner sleeve 3 and the enlarged end portion 2c of vl,the outer sleeve 2 is a nut 6, threaded internally at 6a to engage external threads 2d pro- `vided on the outer sleeve 2, and having an inwardly projecting shoulder or flange 6b, for applying pressure to the annular gasket 5. A

6 is thenv tightened applying pressure to both gaskets 4 and y5. It will be seen that gasket 5 makes a fluid tight connection between the inner f sleeve 3 and the old service pipe P, while gasket I makes'a tight connection between the outer sleeve-2' of the body portion I and the tubing T.A and simultaneously seals the annular space between the inner sleeve 3 and the' tube T, which forms a continuation of the annular space between the tube and the old service pipe. Thus 'the fitting not only connects the replacement tubing to the buildingpiping, but alsocloses oil' the tliscontiruuied' service pipe P, thereby preven-ting said pipe frornacting as a drain to conduct` gas and fwater into the basement. It will'be noted that the fitting is installed with a minimum number of operations, and without; dismantlin'g, the buildingfpipingand that the installation requires no tools other than a hacksaw and a wrench; 1 y i Another embodiment of the invention is shown in Figs. 3 and 4, in which corresponding pipes are designated by the same'reference letters and corresponding' parts of the fitting are designated byl the same reference numerals as in Fig. 2, with the'addition of I0. The body portion II of the fitting is in the form of a T having an aperture I Ib for the replacement service tube T, a threaded opening IId through which a rod or other instrument can' be; inserted to clean out thely service line. The opening I Idk is normally closed by a plugI I Ie having a socket for a'special wrenchto prevent unauthorized removal of the plug with ordinary tools. 'Surrounding the aperture IIb is an outerI sleeve portion I2, having its inner surface formed to provide a substantially cylindrical surface I2a, and a frusto-conical surface I2b. An internally threaded bushing I3 is screwed onto a threaded end portion P3 of follower 'I of angular cross section may be interposed between the nut 6 and the gasket 5 to facilitate rotation of the nut. It will be seen that when the nut is drawn up by relative rotation ofthe nut and the outer sleeve 2, the nut will apply pressure to the gasket 5 and will also produce relative axial movement between the inner sleeve 3 and the outer sleeve 2, to apply pressure to the gasket l, disposed between the tube T, the outer sleeve 2 and the reduced end portion of theinner sleeve 3. The outer sleeve portion 2 and the nut 6 may be provided with seal holes 2e and 6c respectively, to receive a sealing wire S as shown in Fig. l, to prevent unauthorized tampering with the service connection.V f A The pipe fitting shown in Fig- 2 can be installed quickly and easily without disturbing the meter m, or dismantling the riser pipe'R. 'After the old service pipeP and has a reduced end portion I3a, which extends beyond the end of the pipe and forms a continuation thereof. The reduced end portion of the bushing I3 extends into the outer sleeve portion of the fittingbody and cooperates with the inner surface of the outer sleeve I2 and' with theadjacent portion of the wall of the tube T to form an annulargasket recess. It will be seen that this gasket recess is of trapezoidal cross-section, having parallel sides formed by the tube wall and the cylindrical inner surface of outer sleeve I2, and non-parallel sides formed by the end facehof bushing I3 and the inclined frusto-conical surface of the outer sleeve I2 The recess accommodates al gasket I4, which is preferably reenforced, as indicated 'at Ila. In its uncompressed condition, as shown in Fig. El, the gasket I4,A.does

'notn conform in cross-section to the cross-section of thegasket recess. Instead of having a quadrilateral Vcross section the gasket has a greater number of sides than the gasket recessfr being shown as hexagonal in cross section. Two

i surfaces ci the gasket, namely a cylindrical sur- "inthe face Nb and a frusto-conicalsurface llc conform respectively to the surface of-l the tube T ,and the frusto-conical surface |2b of outer sleeve i2, but the remaining surfaces of the gasket do not conform with the end face of the .bushing I3, and engage said bushing over an area of limited radial extent, (as indicated at lid.

`Means for applying pressure to the gasket M comprises a nut |S, which is threaded internally at IBa to engage threads |2d on the outer sleeve portion l2, and has a shoulder or ange |619 engaging the bushing i3. Rotation of the nut I6 in a direction to screw it onto the outer sleeve portion l2 produces relative coaxial movement of the outer sleeve |2 and the bushingi, thereby applying pressure to the gasket Il and causing vwith an aperture 3|b to receive the service tubing T and an aperture 3| g for connection to the building piping represented by the riser pipe R.

'1 The fitting has an outer sleeve portion 32, bushing 33, gasket and nut 35 of substantially the same construction as described in conjunction with Figs. 3 and 4. Outwardly of the` aperture Stg the inner surface of the fitting body is ared it to conform wholly ormore nearly in cross section to the gasket recess (Fig. 4) When the nut I6 has been drawn up the gasket I4 provides a fluidi-tight connection between the tube bodyportion l|| of the fitting. and

d service pipe. VBy' tive sealV is obtained with the applicatiorl" `of outwardly to form, in conjunction with the wall of riserpipe R, a gasket recess to receive a gasket 38. Sealing pressure is applied to the gasket by alznut 39, which ,is threaded internally to engage external threads 3|h provided on the body portion of the fitting. A gasketvfollower 33al may be interposed between the gasket 38 and nut 39 to facilitate turning the nut without milan, space between the tube and the ldseri pipe11?. thereby effectively '-1 reason of thecrossfsectionalshape of -th'e gasket in relationtothat of the gasket recess an 'effec` minimum .torque in turning up the nut I3. The

I body portion of the fitting andgthegfr'iut: may be provided with holes |2e and I'cfor a sealing wire, as in the embodiment shown in Figs. 1

and 2. f I

In installing the fitting shown in Figs. 3 and 4, the riser T RT (Fig' g1 )lv is removed and the replacement tubingfliiisinseited. in the'old service pipe P, being alloWQt-gto vlproject a short distance beyond the end c igthe pipe. The threaded portionP3 on the end'lof the'old service pipe may be the original threads, or if desired the pipe maybe cut` oil.r and rethreaded. The nut thereupon .threaded ont" ire outer sleeve portion -j' sealing pressure to `tlffefgaske.t. It4 will be understoodthat-fin,each'qinstancelthe other Iend of the 'replacementxtubing Twill be connected to fthernain. by .a suitable. fitting (Fig.' l)

' .the f invention .in .which cdrispnding parts of lj-Lthe fitting'ar'e indicated bythe same reference v'numerals as in Fig. l2 wlththe addltiono'f'fn. f The :embodiment of. Fig. 5 is exactly thejsame as that of Figs. 3 and 4except that thebody 'portion 2| of the fitting is in the form of an L Y instead of'a T. lower lpart of the body portion 2| is -slnaipeidV4 to] provide a pocket 2| f to trap :any .condensation or sediment in the pipe and prevent. .cl' g'ging the service line. As tion 22, vbushing 23, gasket with' Figs. 3 and 4.

" springing' the riser disturbing the gasket.' The body portion 3| is preferably formed to provide a drip pocket 3|f and may also have a lug or stop 3U to limit the extent of the riser pipe lR into the fitting. The fitting shown in` Fig. 6 is installed in much the same manner as those of Figs. 3, 4 and 5. As no threads are required on the riser pipe R, this pipe may be cut off adjacent to the riser T RT. and the T may then be unscrewed from theend of the old service pipeP. After inserting the replacement tube-6T in the `discmtinu'ed service pipe the nut'36 lsslipped over the en'd of the pipe and bushing 33 isz.s'crewed, into` place. The fitting body 3|, prferablywith gasket. 38, gasket follower 38a andnut 3 S-,vlaosely'assei'ifi'iclefi` thereon, is slippedover the' Vlc'ivv-ier ,cndp-:0f: riser pipe R and over the endV of the-tubing ",l, the gasket 34 being previously slipped over-the end of the ltubing or positioned in vthe gasket recess of the fitting body.- Nuts 38 and-35 are thereupon tightened to appiyF-sealing'pressure to the gasket.

In Fig. 'I there is shoWn`a-fragmenta1y View of a'further formbf fitting .inwhich corresponding parts are designated by thesame` reference 11umerals as in Fig2 with the addition of 43,'. The body portion 4| of the fitting may be formed as a sleevecoupling, an L,`T or other `form, asdesired, and has 'an aperture IIb to .receive the replacement service tube T. Adjacent the aperture 4|bthere is -provided `a sleeve portion l2.' which is of greaterinternal diameter than the aperture, and providesv an annular gasket recess between the sleeve,fthe tube and the end face P2 of the old service pipe P. A gasket 44 provided V-in said recess is preferably protected from being cut'by the end of the pipe, for example, by a vwasher of reenforcing material. In the draw- I threads i/2d. provided on the sleeve portion 42,

. v'and a `second threadedvportion 46e, adapted to lengage the threaded end P3 of the old service pipe P. Tliethreads 'on the threaded, Aportieri .46d and 46e are of different direction or pitch to `'provide a differential screw action, which will produce relative axial movement of the "sleeve .,542 and pipe P uponrotation of nut 46. Threads' 16e are preferably standard pipe-threads in order* discontinued service pipe.

that standard threads may be used on the end of the service pipe. Threads 46d are either left hand threads or, as in the embodiment shown,`

loosely into the nut 46 and, as va. nal operation,

the nut 48 is tightened with a wrench. In this tightening operation the nut will be turned in a direction to unscrew it slightly from the pipe ,P, but it will be understood that by reason of the Higher pitch of threads 46d. the nut will be screwckonto sleeve 42 more rapidly than it will be backed i'frof pipe P, and the resultant action will be that the pipe and sleeve are drawn toward one another, applying pressure to gasket 4l4. If

threads 46d and 46e differ in direction, the nut will bescrewe. further on both the sleeve and the pipe, when being tightened. Upon application of pressure to gasket 44V, the gasket will provide a fluid-tight connection, between the new service tubing 'l2 and the body portion of the tting, and will also close off the annular space between the new service .tube and the discontinued service pipe P. `As this annular space will never be under appreciable pressure an adequate seal is provided by engagement of the lead Iace 44e of the gasket with the end of the old'service pipe. Sincejthe annular space between the tube T and the'pipe P is sealed by the gasket 44, the

thread connections between the nut 46 and the pipe need no't be tight,l and even though the nut is backed partially off of the pipe when tightening the nut on sleeve 42, the oldservice pipe will nevertheless be effectively closed off.

While several forms of the invention have been described by way of example. it will be understood that ttings inaccordancewith the invention may b e made in other forms as desired.

What we claim and desire to secure by Letters Patentis: s

1. In a service head ttingfor connecting the piping of a building with a replacement tube extending througha discontinued service pipe with an annular space ANtherebetween and terminating shortly beyond the end of said pipe, a fitting body adapted to be connected to the building piping and having a bore to receive the end portion of `said tube and a sleeve portion surrounding said bore and having an outwardly flared inner surface. forming an annular gasket recess between said tube and sleeve adjacent the end of said pipe,` a gasket vin said gasket recess and means for applying pressure to said gasket tomake a fluid tight joint between said replacement tube and the building piping and simultaneously close off the annular space, between said tube and the 2. In a service head tting forconnecting the piping of a building with a replacement tube extending through a discontinued service pipe and terminating shortly beyond the end of said pipe, the combination of an inner sleeve portion tting ever the end of said pipe, a tting body adapted t`o be connected to the buildinggpiping and having a bore to receive the end portion of said tube and an outer sleeve portion surrounding said inner sleeve and providing an annular gasket space between the tube and outer sleeve portion adjacent thefend of said inner sleeve portion. a

Yaaearrzea gasket in saidrecess, andmeansior producingrelative axial movement of they inner sleeve and outer sleeve, to apply pres'sureto thegasket to provide a fluid.' tight 'joint between the" replacement tube 'and the building'pipin'g and seal the annular space betweensaid, 'tube and 'the kvcliscontinued service pipe. f` f ff 3. In a service head fitting 'for connecting the piping of aibuildingwith a replacement tube extending through a1 discontinued service pipe with van annular lspacetherebetween andterl mlnating shortly I byon'd4 the' end" 'o-'fjsaidi pipe, the combination f oiga-ri" in'ner4 sleeve" portion surrounding the end of said 'pipe'a'd providing fan annulargasket space between 'said "sleeve'fand pipe, a tting'-body'zadaptd itobe connected `to thebuilding piping` and having afbo're toreceive the end portion of said `tube'arid-"an outer sleeve portion surrounding said" inner sleeve and providing an annular gasket space' between the tube and outer sleeveportion adjacent the end of said inner sleeve portion; V'a' gasket in each o f said gasket spaces; and means for applying pres'- sure to thegaskets toprovide a uid tight seal betweenA the'inn'er sleeve portion v`'andf'thev pipe and between 'the inner sleeve portion, the outer. sleeve portion andthe tube.

4 l1n alservice h ead fitting for connecting lthe pipingpf a, building with a: replacement tube extending through a disconti-nuedserv'ice pipe with an annular spaceitherebetweenand terminatin a shortdistan'ce beyond the end of said pipe: the` combination`V of 'an' inrierY sleeve having a portion of enlarged internaldiameter surrounding the' vpipe and providing an annular gasket space between l'sfaid sleeve'and pipe, andA a por'- tion of reduced internal diameter extending beyond the endof the pipe, a body portion adapted to vbe connected with the building pipingand having an externally threaded outer sleeve p0rtion surrounding the end portion of said tube and the reduced endfpc'n'tionv ofthe inner'sleeve and providing'van'an'nular gasket space' between thetube, the outer 'sleeve portion'and the reduced end portion ofthe inner sleeve,A a; gasket in each.

of saidY gasket spaces, and-a nut surrounding-the 'enlarged end portion of thejvinner 'sleeve and having an inwardly projectingL I lang'e for apply iig pressure Yto the vgasketfdis'posed betweenthe inner sleeve and the pipe, and internal threads ,engaging the external threads' onv the'l outer sleeve, saidnut being-adapted to be drawn up by said threadsto apply'pessure to said last men-` tioned gasket and toY produce relative axial movement between the innersleeve and 4the. outer lsleeve to apply pressure to the gasket'disposed between the tube,v the-outer sleeve' andthe reduced end portion of the inner" sleeve.

5; In a service head fitting for connecting the piping of a building with afrepiac'ement tube with an annular. space 'therebetween and terminating shortlybeyondv thetendof said pipe,

the combination of" a bushing threaded'onto the end of said pipe and having' lari end portionfof reduced internal diameter' providing anv opening through which 'said` tube passes. favutting body having means for connectingfsaid body to -the p building'piping andfhaving a boretofreceive the: end portion of' said tubergand an externally u"threaded sleeve portinjsurrounding said bore and providing an Y'annularv gasket recess between the tube, `the reducedend'gportion of the bushf ing and said sleeve, andan internally threaded nut engaging the'threadsiotsaidlsleeve and having a shoulder engaging said bushing to produce relative axial movement between the bushing and sleeve portion of the fitting body to apply pressure to said gasket when the nut is drawn up to make a uid tight joint between the replacement tube and the building piping and seal the space between said tube and the discontinued service pipe.

6. In a service head tting for connecting the piping of a building with a replacement tube extending through a discontinued service pipe with an annular space therebetween and procombination of a body portion adapted to be connected with the building piping and having a sleeve portion surrounding the end portion of said tube and providing an annular gasket recess between the sleeve, the tube `and the end of the pipe, the exterior of said sleeve being provided with threads of different pitch or direction from threads provided on said pipe, a gasket in said gasket recess, and a nut having threaded portions to engage the threads of the pipe and the sleeve respectively, whereby rotation of-the nut will effect relative axial movement between the pipe and the sleeve and apply pressure to the gasket to make a uid tight joint between the tube and sleeve and simultaneously jecting slightly beyond the end of said pipe, the. Y

seal the annular space between the pipe and tube.

'7. In a pipe tting for connect-ing the piping of a building with a replacement tube extending through a discontinued service pipe with an annular space therebetween and projecting a short distance beyond the end of said pipe, the combination of a body portion adapted to be connected to the building piping and having a bore to receive said tube, an externally threaded cylindrical sleeve portion surrounding said bore and having an inclined, frustro-conical surface to form an annular gasket recess of trapezoidal cross section, a gasket of resilient deformable material having cylindrical and frusto-conical surfaces conforming to the recess-forming surfaces of said tube and sleeve, and a further surface not conforming with the end face of said bushing but adapted in uncompressed condition of the gasket to be engaged by said face over an area of limited radial extent, and an internally threaded nut for drawing said sleeve and bushing toward one another to apply pressure to the gasket to force it into close engagement with the surfaces of the gasket recess including the end face of said bushing.

FREDERICK T. NEWELL.

GEORGE E. SZEKELY- 

